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Old 17th November 2014, 12:43 PM   #81
doronshadmi
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
If the basis of your proof depends on the existence of a parallel-summation operator, how is it defined mathematically? I can't analyze your proof beyond this point without a meaningful description of a parallel-summation.
There can be finitely or infinitely many operators of all kinds on finitely or infinitely many arranged levels that simply are calculated in one step, called parallel-summation.

Please think about parallel-summation more in terms of synthesis (more like parallel thinking) and less in terms of analysis (less like serial thinking).
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That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

Last edited by doronshadmi; 17th November 2014 at 12:54 PM.
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Old 17th November 2014, 12:51 PM   #82
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Doron,

I'm seriously interested in your opinion: does your parallel-summation operator (however it is defined) give a different result than the ordinary summation operator Σ?

Part of the beauty of mathematics is that many different approaches to a problem can yield the same solution, many different expressions are in fact equivalent. What difference should it make if we add terms together one at a time, or add them up in one operation?

As near as I can tell:

0.999...
= 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + 0.0009 + . . .
= Σ(n = 0, n -> infty) of (9/10)(1/10n)
= Σ(n = 0, n -> infty) of akn for a = 9/10, k = 1/10

Using the generalized form, note that the sum S is:

S = Σ(n = 0, n -> infty) of akn
S = ak0 + ak1 + ak2 + . . .

Note that Sk = k(ak0 + ak1 + ak2 + . . .) = ak1 + ak2 + ak3 + . . .

We can infer

S - Sk = (ak0 + ak1 + ak2 + . . .) - (ak1 + ak2 + ak3 + . . .)
S - Sk = ak0 + (ak1 - ak1) + (ak2 - ak2) + (ak3 - ak3) + . . . .
S - Sk = ak0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + . . .
S - Sk = ak0
S - Sk = a
S(1 - k) = a
S = a / (1 - k)

Substituting our original values, a = 9/10, k = 1/10:

S = (9/10) / (1 - (1/10))
S = (9/10) / (9/10)
S = 1

Why would you get a different result computing S = Σ(akn) vs S = parallel-summation-operator(akn)?
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Old 17th November 2014, 01:02 PM   #83
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
Please think about parallel-summation more in terms of synthesis (more like parallel thinking) and less in terms of analysis (less like serial thinking).
I'm a native English speaker but I don't understand the statement above.
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Old 17th November 2014, 01:04 PM   #84
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
What difference should it make if we add terms together one at a time, or add them up in one operation?
When you deal with infinity, using step-by-step (serial) thinking style gives the illusion that some kind of "process" is involved.

In order to avoid such an illusion, it is better to use parallel thinking style.
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For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

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Old 17th November 2014, 01:08 PM   #85
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
I'm a native English speaker but I don't understand the statement above.
The difference between get X at once (parallel thinking) instead of step-by-step (serial thinking).
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For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.
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Old 17th November 2014, 01:12 PM   #86
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
When you deal with infinity, using step-by-step (serial) thinking style gives the illusion that some kind of "process" is involved.

In order to avoid such an illusion, it is better to use parallel thinking-style.
Let P = the parallel-summation operator
Let S = P(0.9, 0.09, 0.009, . . .) = 0.999...

(0.1)S = 0.0999...

S - (0.1)S = 0.999... - 0.0999...
S - (0.1)S = 0.9
S(1 - 0.1) = 0.9
S(0.9) = 0.9
S = (0.9) / (0.9)
S = 1
0.999... = 1

It's the exact same algebra whether we use parallel or serial thinking. Why do you think you get a different result?
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Old 17th November 2014, 01:16 PM   #87
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
Doron, before you comment on my lack of visual/spacial thinking, I want to show you a subset of my Amazon order history:

http://i346.photobucket.com/albums/p...ps8b63eee9.png

I encourage you to enjoy some posts I've written on computer science, be amused by my implementation of the cons/car/cdr combinators in Ruby, be more amused by my AVL tree implementation using only lambda combinators, and enjoy my book on functional programming.

Trust me, I am a goddamn nerd of the highest order. I'm confident my mathematical, visual, and spatial reasoning are more than adequate to analyze a proof that 0.999... < 1 as long as you provide the details.
Yes, I certainly bow to your 1337 math skills (and your taste in comics and cartoons), but, as someone who does security evangelism and who teaches hacking academically, I do frown somewhat on your privacy skills.

Juliet, I would not recommend using a mixed private/public repo for images on fora where some, I do not say I count Doron to these, decidedly disturbed people hang out.

I'd recommend imgur or somesuch.

Other than that: <insert bowing smiley which I am too lazy too look for>
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Old 17th November 2014, 01:27 PM   #88
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
Let P = the parallel-summation operator
Let S = P(0.9, 0.09, 0.009, . . .) = 0.999...

(0.1)S = 0.0999...

S - (0.1)S = 0.999... - 0.0999...
S - (0.1)S = 0.9
S(1 - 0.1) = 0.9
S(0.9) = 0.9
S = (0.9) / (0.9)
S = 1
0.999... = 1

It's the exact same algebra whether we use parallel or serial thinking. Why do you think you get a different result?
What you wrote above is not considered as a rigorous proof of the discussed subject.

But since you have used it, I wish to show you how it looks by using parallel thinking:

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That is also over the matrix, is aware of the matrix.

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For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

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Old 17th November 2014, 01:35 PM   #89
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
The difference between get X at once (parallel thinking) instead of step-by-step (serial thinking).
I think this is visualized by Doron as 'just measure the height' on a 2D graph; instead of putting all values on the X-axis and then following the line, just put them on one point on the X-axis and the values on the Y-Axis. Then the number of your steps on the X-Axis is just 1.

Or to put into an analogy (which is not correct, I know, but I try to mediate in communications here):

- Imagine you have a really big amount of pebbles and you want to know their total weight.
- You can measure each pebble, one by one and add each weight to the total sum.
- Doron says: I just put all of the pebbles on my scale and know the total sum immediately.


At least, this is what I imagine he thinks. But who's to say?

EDIT: And then again...Seeing the post just above this one I am lost again.
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Old 17th November 2014, 01:53 PM   #90
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
What you wrote above is not considered a rigorous proof of the discussed subject.
Note that 0.22222...3
= 2*3^-1 + 2*3^-2 + 2*3^-3 + 2*3^-4 + 2*3^-5
= 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ....

And 2.2222...3 =
= 2*3^0 + 2*3^-1 + 2*3^-2 + 2*3^-3 + 2*3^-4 + 2*3^-5
= 2/1 + 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ...

2.2222...3 - 0.2222...3
= (2/1 + 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ...) - (2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ....)
= 2/1 + (2/3 - 2/3) + (2/9 - 2/9) + (2/27 - 2/27) + ...
= 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 ...
= 2

Where's the missing fraction? Have I misunderstood you?
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Old 17th November 2014, 02:09 PM   #91
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
Note that 0.22222...3
= 2*3^-1 + 2*3^-2 + 2*3^-3 + 2*3^-4 + 2*3^-5
= 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ....

And 2.2222...3 =
= 2*3^0 + 2*3^-1 + 2*3^-2 + 2*3^-3 + 2*3^-4 + 2*3^-5
= 2/1 + 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ...

2.2222...3 - 0.2222...3
= (2/1 + 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ...) - (2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ....)
= 2/1 + (2/3 - 2/3) + (2/9 - 2/9) + (2/27 - 2/27) + ...
= 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 ...
= 2

Where's the missing fraction?
Dear Dessi,

You are using 2.2222...3 - 0.2222...3 and get 2, and then you ask me where is the missing fraction?

I like your humor

Please look very carefully at my page in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...6&postcount=88.

Thank you.

----------------------

Also please look at http://www.internationalskeptics.com...0&postcount=79 for some parallel thinking training.

I think that after some training you can get http://www.internationalskeptics.com...7&postcount=73 without any problems.

Also please do not ignore that fact that 0.999...10 = 1 if the real-line is observed from |N| level (as explained in that link), so understanding the different levels of cardinality is essential to my theorem, where parallel thinking is the best way to thing about infinite cardinality, if one wishes to avoid the illusion of "process".
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That is also over the matrix, is aware of the matrix.

That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

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Old 17th November 2014, 02:28 PM   #92
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
Let P = the parallel-summation operator
There is no such thing like parallel-summation operator, as I explicitly wrote in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...0&postcount=81.
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That is also over the matrix, is aware of the matrix.

That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.
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Old 17th November 2014, 02:38 PM   #93
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
<snip>
Also please look at http://www.internationalskeptics.com...0&postcount=79 for some parallel thinking training.

I think that after some training you can get http://www.internationalskeptics.com...7&postcount=73 without any problems.
JSFisher called it. But be consoled by the fact that you set a new speed record on getting added to the 'you don't get it' club.
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Old 17th November 2014, 03:24 PM   #94
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
Originally Posted by Dessi
Note that 0.22222...3
= 2*3^-1 + 2*3^-2 + 2*3^-3 + 2*3^-4 + 2*3^-5
= 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ....

And 2.2222...3 =
= 2*3^0 + 2*3^-1 + 2*3^-2 + 2*3^-3 + 2*3^-4 + 2*3^-5
= 2/1 + 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ...

2.2222...3 - 0.2222...3
= (2/1 + 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ...) - (2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ....)
= 2/1 + (2/3 - 2/3) + (2/9 - 2/9) + (2/27 - 2/27) + ...
= 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 ...
= 2

Where's the missing fraction?
Dear Dessi,

You are using 2.2222...3 - 0.2222...3 and get 2, and then you ask me where is the missing fraction?

I like your humor
I'm sorry, I don't understand your comment. I could not infer an error from your diagram because, unfortunately, you don't show a proof for the statement we discover the fundamental mistake in this theorem, because the omitted purple part 0.222... is definitely not the result of 2x/2 (the green part).

If you say there is an error in my proof, tell me in clear, precise language where I've made an error.

Quote:
Also please look at http://www.internationalskeptics.com...0&postcount=79 for some parallel thinking training.
Note that addition in that notation sums elements one by one, not in a single step.
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Old 17th November 2014, 03:34 PM   #95
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
There is no such thing like parallel-summation operator, as I explicitly wrote in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...0&postcount=81.
I disagree, you did not make that statement explicitly in any manner.

That aside, your proof for 0.999... < 1 depends on the existence of some process or operation which sums up all the elements in a sequence in a single step. This operation is the parallel-summation operator.

If your parallel-summation operator doesn't exist, then parallel-summation is undefined.
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Old 17th November 2014, 03:51 PM   #96
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
What you wrote above is not considered as a rigorous proof of the discussed subject.
Actually, it is sufficient. One might demand an explicit reference to summations, but since that is implicit in the meanings of 0.999... and 0.0999..., the added detail is unnecessary.

As with many things, more than one, equally rigorous proof is possible. The most direct, I suppose, would rely on the meaning of 0.999..., itself, as an infinite series then show that the limit of the corresponding partial summation sequence must be 1.

Then again, limit proofs are more difficult to grasp for most, so Dessi's approach has the advantage.
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Old 17th November 2014, 04:15 PM   #97
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Originally Posted by jsfisher View Post
Then again, limit proofs are more difficult to grasp for most, so Dessi's approach has the advantage.
We already did that last year or the year before (my, how time flies), then we went on to the 'two islands' thought experiment debacle, skipped over to metaconsciousness, skipped back here and are now, in extreme fastforward, repeating 7 years of argumentation.

The prediction I make is that Dessi will find out that being right merely will disqualify her as someone using the wrong 'set of glasses', 'view, like |N| vs |R|' or 'just don't be getting it'.

Doron controls the horizontal and the vertical here, so it's no use trying to adjust your set.
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Old 17th November 2014, 04:48 PM   #98
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Originally Posted by realpaladin View Post
We already did that last year or the year before (my, how time flies), then we went on to the 'two islands' thought experiment debacle, skipped over to metaconsciousness, skipped back here and are now, in extreme fastforward, repeating 7 years of argumentation.

The prediction I make is that Dessi will find out that being right merely will disqualify her as someone using the wrong 'set of glasses', 'view, like |N| vs |R|' or 'just don't be getting it'.

Doron controls the horizontal and the vertical here, so it's no use trying to adjust your set.
She may never get to enjoy a close encounter with Doron's exclusive "direct perception", then. How sad for her.
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Old 18th November 2014, 12:46 AM   #99
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
I disagree, you did not make that statement explicitly in any manner.
Here is the explicit statement:
Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
There can be finitely or infinitely many operators of all kinds on finitely or infinitely many arranged levels that simply are calculated in one step, called parallel-summation.
Once again, parallel-summation is not some particular operator, it is simply using parallel approach in order to get a result in one step by not being influenced by the possibly complex structure of mathematical operations and their related variables\constant values, upon finitely or infinitely many arranged levels.

Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
That aside, your proof for 0.999... < 1 depends on the existence of some process or operation which sums up all the elements in a sequence in a single step.
Dear Dessi,

At this stage you are simply forcing serial (step-by-step) thinking style, which is involved with some kind of process.

This is explicitly not the case if one using parallel thinking style of the considered subject.

As long as this is the case, there can't be any useful communication between us about this fine subject.
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That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

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Old 18th November 2014, 01:12 AM   #100
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
If you say there is an error in my proof, tell me in clear, precise language where I've made an error.
By using parallel thinking style, you are able to know in one step that the green and purple prats in the diagram are (at least) two different levels.

By using 2.222...3 - 0.222...3 we actually get rid of all levels below the floating point (marked by purple rectangle), and from now on we work only with the values at the level above the floating point and get the result 2X/2 = 1 that has nothing to do with with 0.222...3, because we already got rid of 0.222...3 by using 2.222...3 - 0.222...3, and from now on it is not used anymore as a factor of our conclusions.
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That is also over the matrix, is aware of the matrix.

That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

Last edited by doronshadmi; 18th November 2014 at 02:02 AM.
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Old 18th November 2014, 01:42 AM   #101
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Originally Posted by jsfisher View Post
Then again, limit proofs are more difficult to grasp for most, so Dessi's approach has the advantage.
Limits are definitely not difficult to grasp if one observe the real-line by distinguish between one level of cardinality observation of the real-line, and more than one level of cardinality observation of the real-line.

By doing that, for example, 0.999...10 = 1 from only |N| observation.

But 0.999...10 < 1 by observing |N| from |P(N)|, exactly as done in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...7&postcount=73.
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That is also over the matrix, is aware of the matrix.

That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

Last edited by doronshadmi; 18th November 2014 at 01:44 AM.
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Old 18th November 2014, 01:50 AM   #102
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
Dear Dessi,

Please note that writing/reading http://www.internationalskeptics.com...6&postcount=16 step by step does not eliminate the ability to get all what is written in one step, and this is exactly what happens if at least visual_spatial AND verbal_symbolic brain skills are used.

Things become important when we deal with infinite collections, for example:

2 -> 1
4 -> 2
6 -> 3
8 -> 4
...

We do not need to write down all even and natural numbers or to think step-by-step, in order to know in one step that there is a bijection from all even numbers to all natural numbers (we are using parallel thinking in order to conclude that both collections have cardinality |N|).

Please do not forget http://www.internationalskeptics.com...9&postcount=68, and your reply to it in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...6&postcount=69.

Thank you.
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That is also over the matrix, is aware of the matrix.

That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

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Old 18th November 2014, 05:52 AM   #103
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
...
But 0.999...10 < 1 by observing |N| from |P(N)|, exactly as done in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...7&postcount=73.
So, Doron, you are now asserting the the Continuum Hypothesis as fact? That's a bold claim, even for you.
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Old 18th November 2014, 06:11 AM   #104
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Originally Posted by jsfisher View Post
So, Doron, you are now asserting the the Continuum Hypothesis as fact? That's a bold claim, even for you.
The fact that |N| < |P(N)| has nothing to do with CH.
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Old 18th November 2014, 07:10 AM   #105
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
The fact that |N| < |P(N)| has nothing to do with CH.
I didn't say it did. You might want to review, though, your own sequence of posts and their consequence.
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Old 18th November 2014, 07:22 AM   #106
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My theorem in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...7&postcount=73 is very simple.

Exactly as some finite series that is observed from a sequence with |N| values < some given limit value, so is the case about some countably infinite series that is observed from a sequence with |P(N)| values, etc. ad infinitum ... where my conclusion is that no collection is accessible to the non-composed 1-dimensional space (which is not necessarily a metric space) or in other words, it is the inaccessible limit of all possible collections.

Moreover this "points"\non-composed "line" association is without loss of generality (can be expanded to any association among collection of lower spaces with a given higher space).
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For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

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Old 18th November 2014, 07:46 AM   #107
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Originally Posted by jsfisher View Post
I didn't say it did.
So please tell me what is the purpose of your question about CH?

(It has to be stressed that any number system that its members are explicitly defined and symbolized, has at most |N| members).
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For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

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Old 18th November 2014, 09:51 AM   #108
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
By using parallel thinking style, you are able to know in one step that the green and purple prats in the diagram are (at least) two different levels.

By using 2.222...3 - 0.222...3 we actually get rid of all levels below the floating point (marked by purple rectangle), and from now on we work only with the values at the level above the floating point and get the result 2X/2 = 1 that has nothing to do with with 0.222...3, because we already got rid of 0.222...3 by using 2.222...3 - 0.222...3, and from now on it is not used anymore as a factor of our conclusions.
In other words, you reject algebraic equivalence in principle. This equation

a = b

cannot be equivalent to any of the following in your system:

a/k = b/k, for all k
ka = kb, for all k
a + k = b + k, for all k
a^k = b^k, for all k
f(a) = f(b), for any f

because as soon as we perform any algebra, we "are no longer using our original equation as a factor in our result." and we are confusing ourselves with "symbolic illusions".

I understand now why you why proofs of 0.999... = 1 are senseless to you, because you reject algebraic equivalence in principle and forms of mathematics that depend on algebra.

Regrettably, the statement 0.999... < 1 is nonsense too, because the '<' operator has a recursive, but well-defined algebraic definition based on algebraic equivalence. In your own system, the statement 0.999... < 1 must be a symbolic illusion for the exact same reason as 0.999... = 1. I would be surprised if you could write a proof for the "obvious" statement 1 < 2, or if you even knew what a proof of that statement looks like.

(If requested, I will write a formal proof for 1 < 2, then I will explain why it does not fit into your mathematical system.)

I understand why you introduce new forms of mathematics: because you need some way to express algebraically equivalent representations of a = b and a < b from first principles, but not principles involving algebra.

It makes sense that you have introduced an undefined process for "parallel-summations", so that you can compute expressions in a single operation without a process for computing the calculation, because that would require "steps" and therefore algebra. "parallel-summation" abstracts away the algebraic "steps" which normally build up numbers in piecemeal, allowing computations as single, atomic operation.

(I would argue that you've only hidden the piecemeal steps, you've not removed them; even identities like Σ(a = 0, a -> n) a = n(n + 1)/2, which appears to remove almost all of the intermediate additions in Σ are derived from those intermediate additions. I can provide a proof of this identity and an explanation of the reasoning behind it on request. )

Correct me if I've misunderstood.

Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
Once again, parallel-summation is not some particular operator, it is simply using parallel approach in order to get a result in one step by not being influenced by the possibly complex structure of mathematical operations and their related variables\constant values, upon finitely or infinitely many arranged levels.
Here's what I understand so far: your proof appeals to an abstract form of algebra that you can't define, using processes that you can't describe, applying some kind of method that you can't analyze, to get a result that you can't explain.

Things you call "proofs" rely on undefinable mathematical properties, meaning they can't be analyzed for correctness. But, as long as you accept undefined operations in proofs, I'll submit this amusing "un-proof":

1.999... - 0.999... = 1
(1 + 0.999...) - 0.999... = 1
1 + 0.999... - 0.999... = 1
1 + (0.999...)(1 - 1) = 1
0.999...(1 - 1) = 1 - 1
0.999... = (1 - 1) / (1 - 1)
0.999... = 1

I personally think you've been very polite person throughout our conversation, and I am very supportive of your interest in learning mathematics, and I also support your attempt to discover entirely new branches of mathematics. As a math geek, I support other math geeks. Unfortunately, you lack precision of language needed to communicate your thoughts to people who are knowledgeable in mathematics.
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Old 19th November 2014, 07:31 AM   #109
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
In other words, you reject algebraic equivalence in principle. This equation

a = b

cannot be equivalent to any of the following in your system:

a/k = b/k, for all k
ka = kb, for all k
a + k = b + k, for all k
a^k = b^k, for all k
f(a) = f(b), for any f
Dear Dessi,

I certainly do not reject algebraic equivalence, I simply do not ignore the different levels of values that are used in some algebra, for example:

X = 0.999...

10X = 9.999...

10X - X = 9.999... - 0.999 = 9 (this is the critical operation, where we get rid of X (which is some value at the level of fractions) and what is left is the (positive, in this case) value at the level of whole numbers.

From now on X can't be but some positive whole number, which has nothing to do with the original value of X, as was given by X = 0.999...

It is well known that given initial values can't be changed in the middle of some argument if we wish to provide some valid conclusion about the given initial values.

You have missed the critical operation exactly because you are using only serial observation (step-by-step thinking style) of the considered framework.

Actually there is no problem to use serial_only observation of some finite framework in case of summation, but this is not the case if we deal with infinite summation in terms of process, because from this point of view the process can't be stopped and no exact result can be provided.

So, in this case we are using the brilliant notion of Cantor's transfinite cardinality that is definitely based also on parallel thinking, as explained in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...&postcount=102.

The use of finite cardinality, countably infinite or uncountably infinite cardinality is essential to my theorem in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...7&postcount=73, where parallel thinking can't be avoided if we don't wish to find our framework stuck in some endless process, when we deal with countably infinite or uncountably infinite cardinality.

Moreover, the whole idea of, for example, the accurate value of |N| is possible only if we transcend some endless process, and this is done exactly by using parallel thinking that captures a given collection by using one step.

Also please be aware that (0.999...10 = 1) OR (0.999...10 < 1 by 0.000...110), or in other words, there is no contradiction because they are solutions in two different levels of the real-line.

-------------------

Please do not forget http://www.internationalskeptics.com...9&postcount=68, and your reply to it in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...6&postcount=69.

It is crucial for valid communication between us.

Thank you.
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For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

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Old 19th November 2014, 07:41 AM   #110
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Let's improve what was written in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...&postcount=106, as follows:

My theorem in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...7&postcount=73 is very simple.

Exactly as some finite series that is observed from a convergent sequence with |N| values < some given limit value, so is the case about some countably infinite series that is observed from a convergent sequence with |P(N)| values, etc. ad infinitum ... where my conclusion is that no collection is accessible to the non-composed 1-dimensional space (which is not necessarily a metric space) or in other words, it is the inaccessible limit of all possible collections.

Moreover this "points"\non-composed "line" association is without loss of generality (can be expanded to any association among collection of lower spaces with a given higher space).

(B.T.W convergent sequences with transfinite cardinality |N| < |P(N)| < |P(P(N))| < |P(P(P(N)))| < |P(P(P(P(N))))| < ... etc. ad infinitum ... are simply proper subsets of the sets that have these transfinite cardinality, for example:

The values of <0.9, 0.09, 0.009,...> are the same values of {0.9, 0.09, 0.009,...}, which is a proper subset of Q, where |{0.9, 0.09, 0.009,...}| = |Q| = |N|, and the same principle holds among collections with greater cardinality (but in this case we can't explicitly symbolize their values, since they are uncountable)).
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That is also over the matrix, is aware of the matrix.

That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

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Old 19th November 2014, 10:05 AM   #111
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
Dear Dessi,

I certainly do not reject algebraic equivalence, I simply do not ignore the different levels of values that are used in some algebra, for example:

X = 0.999...

10X = 9.999...

10X - X = 9.999... - 0.999 = 9 (this is the critical operation, where we get rid of X (which is some value at the level of fractions) and what is left is the (positive, in this case) value at the level of whole numbers).

From now on X can't be but some positive whole number, which has nothing to do with the original value of X, as was given by X = 0.999...
Yes, it has everything to do with the original value of X = 0.999... . The value of X is constant in your equation; 10X is the constant 9.999..., 10X - X is also constant, and our original X = 9/9 = 1 is also constant.

Every value in the equation is a constant. So why does X = 0.999... become X = 1? Because 0.999... is an algebraically identical representation of 1.

Try plugging a few different start values of X into your equation, and perform the same operations.

Code:
X = 0.999...                        X = 1               
10X = 9.999...                      10X = 10            
10X - X = 9.999... - 0.999...       10X - X = 10 - 1    
9X = 9                              9X = 9              
X = 1                               X = 1               

X = √2/2                            X = 12
10X = 10√2/2                        10X = 120
10X - X = 10√2/2 - √2/2             10X - X = 120 - 12
9X = 9√2/2                          9X = 108
X = √2/2                            X = 12    

X = 0.11111...                      X = 0.12345 12345 12345...
10X = 1.1111...                     10X = 1.2345 123451 23451...
10X - X = 1.11111... - 0.11111...   10X - X = 1.23451 23451 23451... - 0.12345 12345 12345...
9X = 1                              9X = 1.11106 11106 11106...
X = 1/9                             X = 0.12345 12345 12345...


X = 0.99999999 (finite)             X = n
10X = 9.9999999                     10X = 10n
10X - X = 9.9999999 - 0.99999999    10X - X = 10n = n
9X = 8.9999999                      9X = 9n
X = 0.99999999                      X = n
Every X = (10X - X)/9 = X. It starts and ends with the same value. Why wouldn't it? Why is X = 0.999... the singular exception?

As near as I can tell, you object to the X = 0.999... case because 9.999... - 0.9999... removes all of the trailing digits. Indeed, it does, 10X - X = 9, it has no other value. I can prove the algebra works out by showing that if X = 0.999..., then 10X - X = 9, therefore 9X = 9*(0.999...) = 9:

9 * .999...
= 8.999...
= Σ(n = 0, n -> ∞) (81/10)(1/10n)
= (81/10) / (1 - 1/10) [see this identity]
= (81/10) / (9/10)
= 9

The math works beautifully. From this, one can conclude that 0.999... is an equivalent representation of 1, for the same reason that 0.1111.... is an equivalent representation of 1/9.

Quote:
Actually there is no problem to use serial_only observation of some finite framework in case of summation, but this is not the case if we deal with infinite summation in terms of process, because from this point of view the process can't be stopped and no exact result can be provided.
This statement is incorrect. The example above, showing 9*(0.999...) = 9, demonstrates one way of the many ways people can analyze infinite series. Let me explain:

Let's say we have a sequence {a1, a2, a2, a2, . . . }, the nth partial sum Sn is the sum of the first n terms of the sequence:

Sn = Σ(k = 1, k -> n) ak

This series converges if the sequence of its partial sums, { S1, S2, S3, . . . } converges. In other words, the series converges if there exists an L such that for any arbitrarily small positive number x > 0, there exists a large N so that for all n >= N,

| Sn - L | <= x

where |expr| is the absolute value function. If a series converges (and there are many tests for convergence), then as x -> 0, Sn - L -> 0 and Sn -> L. A formal proof of this property closely resembles this explanation.

I know it doesn't seem "intuitive" that an infinite series converges to anything, but that intuition is wrong. Your insistence that we need a different way of analyzing infinite series isn't based on anything, and in fact many ot of the same techniques for analyzing finite series hold for infinite series. I don't think you can articulate any counterargument to this point.

Quote:
So, in this case we are using the brilliant notion of Cantor's transfinite cardinality that is definitely based also on parallel thinking, as explained in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...&postcount=102.

The use of finite cardinality, countably infinite or uncountably infinite cardinality is essential to my theorem in http://www.internationalskeptics.com...7&postcount=73, where parallel thinking can't be avoided if we don't wish to find our framework stack in some endless process, if we deal with countably infinite or uncountably infinite cardinality.

Moreover, the whole idea of, for example, the accurate value of |N| is possible only if we transcend some endless process, and this is done exactly by using parallel thinking that captures a given collection by using one step.
Doron, again, I view you as a very polite person with a serious passion for mathematics, but whatever you mean by "parallel thinking" is undefined, whatever operation you describe to compute an entire series in a single step without intermediate calculations is undefined. You aren't able to explain your to undefined concepts to anyone, so your proofs can't be analyzed for correctness. As near as I can tell, you don't have a proof nor anything novel to say about cardinality.

Since you mentioned Cantor, I encourage you to study the Cantor set and its analysis, as it has some fascinating and unexpected properties. The Wiki article on the Cantor set is actually very accessible to readers like you who have at least some familiarity with series, sets, and numbers in other bases.

Lastly, I note that you must be a computer programmer or have some programming background from the statement "we find our framework stack in some endless process". Thinking in terms of call stacks, frameworks, and serial processes immediately tells me that you imagine operations on infinite series as a computer program that can never halt. I infer that "parallel thinking" is a very informal description of a hypothetical Turing machine which, by some miracle, instantaneously reads an infinite tape of inputs and halts with an output. This process happens inside a "black box"; we don't know how the black box works, we just know that it does. Let's call this model a Super Duper Turing Machine, its what you call "parallel-computation". While the expression (2/1 + 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ...) - (2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ....) will never halt on an ordinary Turing machine, the Super Duper Turing Machine, by some black box miracle, always halts with the answer 2. There are some inputs which even our powerful Super Duper Turing Machine cannot compute, jsfisher provided one such example, Busy Beaver numbers are another example.

An interesting question would be whether we can determine the halting behavior and output of our Super Duper Turing Machine, if such a machine existed? Yes, in fact we can; the entire study of calculus, infinite series, and differential geometry does exactly that. Conventional analysis techniques like the ones in this thread are Turing equivalent to computations on a Super Duper Turing Machine, both give the same answers to the same questions, there's no reason to think we would get a different result.
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Old 19th November 2014, 12:12 PM   #112
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"What we have here, is a failure to communicate..."

What Doron tries to explain, he has explained thusly in the previous years, is that his direct perception tells him (he intuits as opposed to calculates) that if there were a method, which he does not know how to formulate *yet*, to view the reality of sets and/or infinity as he sees them then he were able to show that traditional math is lacking when held up to the light of (his?) reality.

What keeps happening in all his communications, however, is that well-meaning mathematicians keep pointing out that traditional mathematics is correct.

Doron keeps trying to persuade everyone to stop thinking inside the box (he overused the box smiley in all these years...) and just give him the benefit of the doubt.

What he would need is someone extremely proficient in math that is willing to *explore* ways to get to the result he wants.

What happens now is that he tries a path and we all say 'nah, wrong path, try again'. So he is basically trying to get to his desired result by brute force trial-on-error.

Dessi, are you able to (I am not, I admit) disprove why his wished-for result can never be achieved?

I mean, we *all* can find either mathematical errors or logical errors in one way or another for every path he chooses. Maybe because there never can be a path to his idea, but maybe, just maybe, because we are all too busy defending traditional mathematics.

Doron, you would have to admit that the above is correct (and you know it is, we have gone through too many discussions in more than one place and in more than just a few years).

I know you are looking for corroboration that you did have a profound insight, so why not ask for it without playing the pedantic teacher?

EDIT: Doron, I know you read my posts, so just read this one through; I am being friendly and am throwing you a bone here.
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Old 19th November 2014, 01:35 PM   #113
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
Every value in the equation is a constant. So why does X = 0.999... become X = 1? Because 0.999... is an algebraically identical representation of 1.
No Dear Dessi,

The initial X = 0.999... is omitted form 9.999... , and what is left is 9 that is a whole number that has nothing to do with fractions, and so is the case of 9X/9 = 9/9 = 1 that is also a whole number that has nothing to do with fractions.

The rest of your post is based on your indistinguishably between fractions and whole numbers.

Moreover, you are still missing the fact that, for example, |N| is undefined if we get the natural numbers only in terms of endless process.
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That is also over the matrix, is aware of the matrix.

That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

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Old 19th November 2014, 01:45 PM   #114
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Originally Posted by realpaladin View Post
Dessi, are you able to (I am not, I admit) disprove why his wished-for result can never be achieved?
I don't know what Doron's desired objective is, but in our exchanges I've learned a lot about his thought process.

I notice there is an internal logic to his entire reasoning process: he has a fascination with concepts of infinities and infinitesimals, but he struggles with them conceptually. He only thinks of mathematical expressions in terms of a computation that runs in a computer program; this model model understandably breaks down on expressions involving infinite and infinitessimal quantities because a summation algorithm can never, in principle, halt on an endless stream of summands.

Thinking like a computer programmer, Doron wonders how one would one go about computing an endless stream of inputs in a computer program? The answer is so obvious, so intuitive: by introducing a hypothetical computer that, by some miracle, sums the whole stream at once, processing every input in parallel -- parallel-summation! Amdahl's law be damned!

Let's call our hypothetical processor a Doron Machine ^_^

Doron intuits that his Doron Machine will give different answers to mathematically expressions than we normally get with analysis techniques, for reasons related to limitations in floating point representations of numbers, meaning some real numbers have no fixed binary representation inside a Doron Machine, only infinitely precise approximations.

I personally think infinite precision is pretty good, but can we do better? Yes we can. I'm an software engineer too, and today has been a really slow day in the office. So, I decided to build a better, less buggy parallel-summation machine:

The Doron Machine 2.0 Super Deluxe Ultra.

It's an extension of a normal Doron Machine with a better implementation of numbers which, by some miracle, doesn't store approximate quantities but rather stores quantities exactly. It also makes lattes and has a decent text editor. But the important thing is that any two quantities that are algebraically equal on paper really are equal in the Super Deluxe Ultra, and vice versa.

This works nicely, because any sort of infinite and infinitesimal numerical analysis we can compute on paper, we can compute in the Super Deluxe Ultra, and vice versa. We infer that numerical analysis on paper, while a little slower, is computationally equivalent to any computable expression on the Super Deluxe Ultra.

Even in Doron's very limited model of mathematical computation, the Doron Machine, the equivalence of 0.999... = 1 is inescapable. Intuition be damned.
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Old 19th November 2014, 01:57 PM   #115
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
No Dear Dessi,

The initial X = 0.999... is omitted form 9.999... , and what is left is 9 that is a whole number that has nothing to do with fractions, and so is the case of 9X/9 = 9/9 = 1 that is also a whole number that has nothing to do with fractions.
It might seem unintuitive at first glance, but the expression 0.999... does not have a fractional part.

The infinite series representation, Σ(n = 0, n -> ∞) (9/10)(1/10n), converges to a whole number. A proof of this series convergence is given here.

Quote:
The rest of your post is based on your indistinguishably between fractions and whole numbers.
Rational numbers are any a/b, where a and b are natural numbers; whole numbers are rational numbers for any a = b or a modulo b = 0. There is no meaningful distinction between whole rationals and fractional rationals, they are treated in the exact same way.
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Old 19th November 2014, 02:02 PM   #116
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
While the expression (2/1 + 2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ...) - (2/3 + 2/9 + 2/27 + ....) will never halt on an ordinary Turing machine, the Super Duper Turing Machine, by some black box miracle, always halts with the answer 2.
Also in this case dear Dessi, you simply eliminate infinitely many values < 1 AND > 0 by using one step with cardinality |N|, and what is left is some whole number.
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Old 19th November 2014, 02:06 PM   #117
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
It might seem unintuitive at first glance, but the expression 0.999... does not have a fractional part.
Actually 0.999...10 is a factional number, and this simple fact is not involved with any intuition's problem.
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That is also over the matrix, is aware of the matrix.

That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.

Last edited by doronshadmi; 19th November 2014 at 02:08 PM.
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Old 19th November 2014, 02:08 PM   #118
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Originally Posted by doronshadmi View Post
Actually 0.999...10 is a factional number.
Show a proof please.
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Old 19th November 2014, 02:11 PM   #119
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
Rational numbers are any a/b, where a and b are whole numbers; whole numbers are rational numbers for any a = b. There is no meaningful distinction between whole rationals and fractional rationals, they are treated in the exact same way.
Shouldn't that be "any a = xb, x being an integer and non-zero"?

EDIT: I don't know if 0 is considered a whole number and am too lazy too look it up at this moment.
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Old 19th November 2014, 02:15 PM   #120
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Originally Posted by Dessi View Post
There is no meaningful distinction between whole rationals and fractional rationals, they are treated in the exact same way.
Wrong dear Dessi, you will never find a whole rational that is < 1 AND > 0 (which is the "home" of fractional rationals).
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That is also over the matrix, is aware of the matrix.

That is under the matrix, is unaware of the matrix.

For more details, please carefully observe Prof. Edward Frenkel's video from https://youtu.be/PFkZGpN4wmM?t=697 until the end of the video.
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